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	<title>Comments on: Biggest blunder of modern political history</title>
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		<title>By: Indian</title>
		<link>http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/biggest-blunder-politics-history/comment-page-1/#comment-6604</link>
		<dc:creator>Indian</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jul 2011 04:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Forget Indian school teachers, forget Pakistani school teachers. Read what the world says about 1965 Indo-Pak War

Devin T. Hagerty wrote in his book - South Asia in world politics
&quot;The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan&#039;s second-largest city. By the time United Nations intervened on September 22, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat.&quot;


In his book National identity and geopolitical visions, Gertjan Dijkink writes –
&quot;The superior Indian forces, however, won a decisive victory and the army could have even marched on into Pakistani territory had external pressure not forced both combatants to cease their war efforts.&quot;


Dennis Kux in his book India and the United States estranged democracies writes -
&quot;Although both sides lost heavily in men and material, and neither gained a decisive military advantage, India had the better of the war. New Delhi achieved its basic goal of thwarting Pakistan&#039;s attempt to seize Kashmir by force. Pakistan gained nothing from a conflict which it had instigated.&quot;


&quot;The defeat in the 1965 war led to the army&#039;s invincibility being challenged by an increasingly vocal opposition. This became a surge after his protege, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, deserted him and established the Pakistan People&#039;s Party.&quot; - says BBC Report http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3227709.stm


A region in turmoil: South Asian conflicts since 1947 by Robert Johnson mentions –
&quot;India&#039;s strategic aims were modest – it aimed to deny Pakistani Army victory, although it ended up in possession of 720 square miles (1,900 km2) of Pakistani territory for the loss of just 220 square miles (570 km2) of its own.&quot;


An excerpt from William M. Carpenter and David G. Wiencek&#039;s Asian security handbook: terrorism and the new security environment–
&quot;A brief but furious 1965 war with India began with a covert Pakistani thrust across the Kashmiri cease-fire line and ended up with the city of Lahore threatened with encirclement by Indian Army. Another UN-sponsored cease-fire left borders unchanged, but Pakistan&#039;s vulnerability had again been exposed.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Forget Indian school teachers, forget Pakistani school teachers. Read what the world says about 1965 Indo-Pak War</p>
<p>Devin T. Hagerty wrote in his book - South Asia in world politics<br />
&#8220;The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan&#8217;s second-largest city. By the time United Nations intervened on September 22, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat.&#8221;</p>
<p>In his book National identity and geopolitical visions, Gertjan Dijkink writes –<br />
&#8220;The superior Indian forces, however, won a decisive victory and the army could have even marched on into Pakistani territory had external pressure not forced both combatants to cease their war efforts.&#8221;</p>
<p>Dennis Kux in his book India and the United States estranged democracies writes -<br />
&#8220;Although both sides lost heavily in men and material, and neither gained a decisive military advantage, India had the better of the war. New Delhi achieved its basic goal of thwarting Pakistan&#8217;s attempt to seize Kashmir by force. Pakistan gained nothing from a conflict which it had instigated.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;The defeat in the 1965 war led to the army&#8217;s invincibility being challenged by an increasingly vocal opposition. This became a surge after his protege, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, deserted him and established the Pakistan People&#8217;s Party.&#8221; &#8211; says BBC Report http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3227709.stm</p>
<p>A region in turmoil: South Asian conflicts since 1947 by Robert Johnson mentions –<br />
&#8220;India&#8217;s strategic aims were modest – it aimed to deny Pakistani Army victory, although it ended up in possession of 720 square miles (1,900 km2) of Pakistani territory for the loss of just 220 square miles (570 km2) of its own.&#8221;</p>
<p>An excerpt from William M. Carpenter and David G. Wiencek&#8217;s Asian security handbook: terrorism and the new security environment–<br />
&#8220;A brief but furious 1965 war with India began with a covert Pakistani thrust across the Kashmiri cease-fire line and ended up with the city of Lahore threatened with encirclement by Indian Army. Another UN-sponsored cease-fire left borders unchanged, but Pakistan&#8217;s vulnerability had again been exposed.&#8221;</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Testtest</title>
		<link>http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/biggest-blunder-politics-history/comment-page-1/#comment-6600</link>
		<dc:creator>Testtest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2011 21:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>By the way who won 1965 War...India?????!!!!!!!!!!!!! ask your school teacher, my boy, may be he/she will tell you the reality....!!!!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>By the way who won 1965 War&#8230;India?????!!!!!!!!!!!!! ask your school teacher, my boy, may be he/she will tell you the reality&#8230;.!!!!!</p>
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		<title>By: Ashish Sachi</title>
		<link>http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/biggest-blunder-politics-history/comment-page-1/#comment-377</link>
		<dc:creator>Ashish Sachi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2008 16:25:44 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>hi Gurudev.
I personally liked your views.and it also sounds very good.
But I am afraid i have to disagree with you on this count.
I have read almost all your posts,after seeing them i infer that you have done almost all your research on Vedic History of India and Modern India.But you have skipped the history of Medieval India, about the rise of Islam and subsequent overrunning of India by many Islamic Hordes which led first to the creation of &quot;&quot;Sultanate of Delhi&quot;&quot; and then &quot;&quot;Mughul Empire&quot;&quot;.
This resulted into the continuous rule of Muslim Elites on majority Hindu population for about 6 centuries before the arrival of British.
This long continuous rule led to feeling of Superiority in Muslims and they demanded more and more rights and privilages for themselves and ultimately a separate state  before the independence.
Had they not being given that they would have demanded more and more privilages in Independent India.
Secondly you could see in History when Mughul Power was at its zenith it shared its borders with Iran and Turan(today&#039;s Uzbekistan), which at many times led to fierce invasions (when Mughuls became weak)like that of Nadir Shah&#039;s in 1739 or that of Ahmed Shah Abdali&#039;s 9 invasions between 1747-1769.
Today if any Nadir Shah wants to attack India it will have to first deal with Pakistan before approaching us.
What I want to say is that creation of Pakistan has lead to a  Buffer state between India and Iran and Aghanistan on other side, and our borders are no longer directly vulnerable to  fierce tribes like Pashtuns, Uzbeks,Afridis etc.
I consider it a great strategical achievement of then British Imperialists(though accidently).
Write to me what do you think about it and we can have healthy discussion.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>hi Gurudev.<br />
I personally liked your views.and it also sounds very good.<br />
But I am afraid i have to disagree with you on this count.<br />
I have read almost all your posts,after seeing them i infer that you have done almost all your research on Vedic History of India and Modern India.But you have skipped the history of Medieval India, about the rise of Islam and subsequent overrunning of India by many Islamic Hordes which led first to the creation of &#8220;&#8221;Sultanate of Delhi&#8221;" and then &#8220;&#8221;Mughul Empire&#8221;".<br />
This resulted into the continuous rule of Muslim Elites on majority Hindu population for about 6 centuries before the arrival of British.<br />
This long continuous rule led to feeling of Superiority in Muslims and they demanded more and more rights and privilages for themselves and ultimately a separate state  before the independence.<br />
Had they not being given that they would have demanded more and more privilages in Independent India.<br />
Secondly you could see in History when Mughul Power was at its zenith it shared its borders with Iran and Turan(today&#8217;s Uzbekistan), which at many times led to fierce invasions (when Mughuls became weak)like that of Nadir Shah&#8217;s in 1739 or that of Ahmed Shah Abdali&#8217;s 9 invasions between 1747-1769.<br />
Today if any Nadir Shah wants to attack India it will have to first deal with Pakistan before approaching us.<br />
What I want to say is that creation of Pakistan has lead to a  Buffer state between India and Iran and Aghanistan on other side, and our borders are no longer directly vulnerable to  fierce tribes like Pashtuns, Uzbeks,Afridis etc.<br />
I consider it a great strategical achievement of then British Imperialists(though accidently).<br />
Write to me what do you think about it and we can have healthy discussion.</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Gurudev</title>
		<link>http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/biggest-blunder-politics-history/comment-page-1/#comment-376</link>
		<dc:creator>Gurudev</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2007 19:02:40 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Please can you enlighten me :)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Please can you enlighten me <img src='http://www.hitxp.com/articles/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Sohail</title>
		<link>http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/biggest-blunder-politics-history/comment-page-1/#comment-375</link>
		<dc:creator>Sohail</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Nov 2007 20:54:29 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Quite a display of ignorance... Bravo</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Quite a display of ignorance&#8230; Bravo</p>
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