• World's first documented plastic surgery was done by Sushruta in ancient India at around 600 BC. The collection of the works of  Sushruta is called 'Sushruta Sanhita' which is divided into 120 chapters spread over 5 books. In the 16th chapter of the first book (called Sutrasthanam), Sushruta describes the procedures for performing otoplasty (plastic surgery of the ear) and rhinoplasty (plastic surgery of the nose). External link for further reference: Plastic Surgery in Ancient India

• The use of Artificial Limb is mentioned in RigVeda (1-116-15) which dates back to around 4000 BC. Rigveda 1-116-5 mentions that queen Vishpala got her leg severed in a battle and therefore an artificial limb was fitted to her at night (i.e. an Iron prosthesis was performed) with which she fought in the battle next day. One may note that even modern treatment of surgery for artificial limb transplantation requires one year for recovery. External link for further reference: Vedas: The storehouse of wisdom

• The knowledge of producing Test tube babies was well known in ancient India. Infact, Dhrstradyumna and Draupadi in Mahabharatha are Test tube babies. In Mahabharatha, Sage Vasishtha says that an embryo can develop only from the female and, more emphatically, that the whole body of an offspring can develop only from sperm without the involvement of the female. And Vasishtha may say this with conviction because he himself was born without the help of a mother. The sage Agasti, his “twin,” was “born” at the same time out of the same kumbha, or pot. In this, the first of such successful experiments, the scientists Mitra and Varuna mixed their sperm and processed it in a pot and produced human male twins in about 10,000 BC, in the age known as Satyayuga, the Age of Truth. External link for further reference: Test Tube babies in Ancient India